{"id":25302,"date":"2024-01-19T17:09:38","date_gmt":"2024-01-19T09:09:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.biocloudservice.com\/wordpress\/?p=25302"},"modified":"2024-01-19T17:09:40","modified_gmt":"2024-01-19T09:09:40","slug":"%e5%8d%81%e5%88%86%e9%92%9f%e8%af%a6%e8%a7%a3%e5%ba%8f%e5%88%97%e6%af%94%e5%af%b9%e5%8e%9f%e7%90%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.biocloudservice.com\/wordpress\/?p=25302","title":{"rendered":"\u5341\u5206\u949f\u8be6\u89e3\u5e8f\u5217\u6bd4\u5bf9\u539f\u7406"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b21\u5c0f\u679c\u7ed9\u5927\u5bb6\u4ed4\u7ec6\u5206\u4eab\u4e86\u5e8f\u5217\u6bd4\u5bf9\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5e76\u4e14\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b65\u90fd\u505a\u4e86\u5145\u5206\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u76f8\u5fc5\u5c0f\u4f19\u4f34\u4eec\u90fd\u662f\u6536\u83b7\u6ee1\u6ee1\uff0c\u8feb\u4e0d\u53ca\u5f85\u5730\u60f3\u5b66\u4e60\u5e8f\u5217\u6bd4\u5bf9\u7684\u539f\u7406\u4e86\u5427\uff01\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b21\u5c0f\u679c\u5c31\u6765\u5206\u4eab\u5e8f\u5217\u6bd4\u5bf9\u7684\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u5e72\u8d27\u6ee1\u6ee1\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u7a0d\u5fae\u6709\u4e00\u70b9\u96be\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u60f3\u8981\u6210\u4e3a\u751f\u4fe1\u5927\u795e\uff0c\u5c0f\u4f19\u4f34\u4eec\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0d\u4e86\u89e3\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u539f\u7406\u54e6~\u5e9f\u8bdd\u4e0d\u591a\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u76f4\u63a5\u5f00\u59cb\u5427\uff01<\/p>\n<h2>\u5e8f\u5217\u6bd4\u5bf9\u95ee\u9898\u6a21\u578b\uff1a<\/h2>\n<p>\u6765\u81ea\u4e0d\u540c\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u8981\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u6392\u5217\u5bf9\u9f50\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u5728\u5e8f\u5217\u6bd4\u5bf9\u4e0d\u9f50\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u63d2\u5165\u201c\u7a7a\u683c\u201d\u6216\u201c\u95f4\u9699\u201d\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5176\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3e\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u4e2aDNA\u5e8f\u5217GACGGATTAG\u548cGATCGGAATAG\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5e8f\u5217\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u6392\u5217\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><img 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<strong>\u5168\u5c40\u6bd4\u5bf9<\/strong>\uff1a\u5168\u5c40\u6bd4\u5bf9\u662f<strong>\u5c06\u6574\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u5e8f\u5217\u4e0e\u53c2\u8003\u5e8f\u5217\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u5bf9\uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u627e\u5230\u4e24\u4e2a\u5e8f\u5217\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u5339\u914d\u3002<\/strong>\u5168\u5c40\u6bd4\u5bf9\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u4e14\u8f83\u957f\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6bd4\u5bf9\u6574\u4e2a\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u6216\u5168\u957f cDNA \u5e8f\u5217\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u6bd4\u5bf9\u7b97\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec Needleman-Wunsch \u7b97\u6cd5\u548c Smith-Waterman \u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u5168\u5c40\u6bd4\u5bf9\u4f1a\u8003\u8651\u6574\u4e2a\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u5339\u914d\u3001\u66ff\u4ee3\u548c\u63d2\u5165\/\u5220\u9664\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u80fd\u591f\u53d1\u73b0\u8f83\u8fdc\u7684\u4eb2\u7f18\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u6f14\u5316\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4f46\u8ba1\u7b97\u6210\u672c\u8f83\u9ad8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2. <strong>\u5c40\u90e8\u6bd4\u5bf9<\/strong>\uff1a\u5c40\u90e8\u6bd4\u5bf9\u662f<strong>\u5bfb\u627e\u4e24\u4e2a\u5e8f\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u7247\u6bb5\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u5339\u914d\u3002<\/strong>\u5c40\u90e8\u6bd4\u5bf9\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u7247\u6bb5\u6216\u5b58\u5728\u63d2\u5165\/\u5220\u9664\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6bd4\u5bf9\u5df2\u77e5\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u7684\u5c0f\u7247\u6bb5\u6216\u627e\u5230\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u590d\u5e8f\u5217\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u6bd4\u5bf9\u7b97\u6cd5\u662f Smith-Waterman 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<strong>\u591a\u91cd\u6bd4\u5bf9<\/strong>\uff1a\u591a\u91cd\u6bd4\u5bf9\u662f\u6307<strong>\u5c06\u591a\u4e2a\u5e8f\u5217\u540c\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u5bf9\uff0c\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5171\u540c\u6a21\u5f0f\u548c\u5171\u4eab\u7279\u5f81\u3002<\/strong>\u591a\u91cd\u6bd4\u5bf9\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u6bd4\u8f83\u591a\u4e2a\u76f8\u5173\u5e8f\u5217\uff08\u5982\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u5e8f\u5217\u3001DNA\u5e8f\u5217\u6216RNA\u5e8f\u5217\uff09\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u548c\u5dee\u5f02\u6027\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u91cd\u6bd4\u5bf9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bc6\u522b\u51fa\u5e8f\u5217\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4fdd\u5b88\u533a\u57df\u3001\u53d8\u5f02\u4f4d\u70b9\u3001\u63d2\u5165\/\u5220\u9664\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63a8\u65ad\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u5173\u7cfb\u6216\u529f\u80fd\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u591a\u91cd\u6bd4\u5bf9\u7b97\u6cd5\u5305\u62ecClustalW\u3001MAFFT\u548cMUSCLE\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u6210\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5bf9\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u6d4b\u5e8f\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6bd4\u5bf9\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u53cc\u7aef\u6d4b\u5e8f\u6570\u636e\u80fd\u591f\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u91cd\u5efa\u548c\u7ed3\u6784\u6ce8\u91ca\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u800c\u591a\u91cd\u6bd4\u5bf9\u5219\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u591a\u4e2a\u76f8\u5173\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u5e8f\u5217\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u3001\u53d8\u5f02\u6027\u548c\u8fdb\u5316\u5173\u7cfb\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u5e8f\u5217\u6bd4\u5bf9\u6838\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<\/h2>\n<p>\u5e8f\u5217\u6bd4\u5bf9\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\u662f<strong>\u5bfb\u627e\u6700\u957f\u516c\u5171\u5b50\u5e8f\u5217\uff08LCS\uff0cLongest Common Subsequence\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u53c2\u4e0e\u6bd4\u5bf9\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u8db3\u591f\u957f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6bd4\u5bf9\u60c5\u51b5\u4f1a\u53d8\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u4e00\u6761\u5e8f\u5217\u53ef\u80fd\u540c\u65f6\u6bd4\u5bf9\u4e0a\u591a\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u627e\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u5339\u914d\u60c5\u51b5\uff1f\u4e3e\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a\u5982\u6291\u764c\u57fa\u56e0p53, \u5168\u957f\u8d85\u8fc725kb\uff0c\u6bd4\u5bf9\u60c5\u51b5\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u5bf9\u8bc4\u4ef7\uff1f<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"518\" height=\"577\" class=\"wp-image-25307\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.biocloudservice.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/word-image-25302-2.png?resize=518%2C577\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.biocloudservice.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/word-image-25302-2.png?w=518 518w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.biocloudservice.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/word-image-25302-2.png?resize=269%2C300 269w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 518px) 100vw, 518px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5bfb\u627e\u6700\u957f\u516c\u5171\u5b50\u4e32\u6216\u6700\u957f\u516c\u5171\u5b50\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u4e0a\u8ff0\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4e24\u6761\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u6700\u957f\u516c\u5171\u5b50\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6307\u8fd9\u4e24\u6761\u5e8f\u5217\u5171\u6709\u7684\u5b50\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u4e14\u957f\u5ea6\u6700\u957f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8ff0\u4e24\u6761\u5e8f\u5217\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>GA<strong>CGGA<\/strong>TTAG<\/p>\n<p>GAT<strong>CGGA<\/strong>ATAG<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e24\u6761\u5e8f\u5217\u7684LCS\u662fCGGA\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u627e\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u957f\u5ea6\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u5b50\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u5982CGG\uff0cTAG\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u957f\u7684\u662fCGGA\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53c2\u4e0e\u6bd4\u5bf9\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u8db3\u591f\u957f\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u591a\u4e2aLCS\uff0c\u4f46\u6b64\u5904LCS\u552f\u4e00\uff0c\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>LCS\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e24\u4e2a\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff1aLCS\u8d8a\u957f\uff0c\u5e8f\u5217\u76f8\u4f3c\u5ea6\u8d8a\u9ad8\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u8ba1\u5206\u77e9\u9635\uff1a<\/h2>\n<p>\u5982\u4f55\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5feb\u901f\u3001\u7cbe\u51c6\u5730\u5b8c\u6210\u957f\u5e8f\u5217\u3001\u591a\u5e8f\u5217\u7b49\u590d\u6742\u6bd4\u5bf9\u8ba1\u7b97\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u88ab\u6bd4\u5bf9\u5e8f\u5217\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u4f4d\u70b9\u5173\u7cfb\u8fdb\u884c\u5f52\u7eb3\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b3\u7c7b\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>1\uff09\u5339\u914d\uff08|\uff09<\/p>\n<p>2\uff09\u66ff\u6362\/\u9519\u914d\uff08*\uff09<\/p>\n<p>3\uff09\u7a7a\u4f4d\uff08\u63d2\u5165\/\u7f3a\u5931 -\uff09<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"625\" height=\"78\" class=\"wp-image-25308\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.biocloudservice.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/word-image-25302-3.png?resize=625%2C78\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.biocloudservice.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/word-image-25302-3.png?w=625 625w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.biocloudservice.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/word-image-25302-3.png?resize=300%2C37 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.biocloudservice.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/word-image-25302-3.png?resize=600%2C75 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 625px) 100vw, 625px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f15\u5165\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c<strong>\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4e0e\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u5176\u6570\u503c\u4e5f\u662f\u7528\u6765\u8861\u91cf\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u5728\u5bf9DNA\u5e8f\u5217\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u5bf9\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e09\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684<strong>\u6838\u9178\u5e8f\u5217\u66ff\u6362\u77e9\u9635\uff08\u8ba1\u5206\u77e9\u9635\uff09<\/strong>\u5bf9\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u8fdb\u884c\u6253\u5206\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u7b49\u4ef7\u66ff\u6362\u77e9\u9635\uff1a\u76f8\u540c\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5339\u914d\u5f97\u5206\u4e3a1\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u66ff\u6362\u5f97\u5206\u4e3a0\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6253\u5206\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u662f\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u6ca1\u6709\u8003\u8651\u5230\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u89c4\u5f8b\u6216\u751f\u7269\u6f14\u5316\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u8f83\u5c11<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"316\" height=\"284\" class=\"wp-image-25309\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.biocloudservice.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/word-image-25302-4.png?resize=316%2C284\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.biocloudservice.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/word-image-25302-4.png?w=316 316w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.biocloudservice.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/word-image-25302-4.png?resize=300%2C270 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 316px) 100vw, 316px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>\u8f6c\u6362-\u98a0\u6362\u77e9\u9635\uff1aDNA\u5e8f\u5217\u75314\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u8131\u6c27\u6838\u7cd6\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u5355\u5206\u5b50\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7ed3\u6784\u5dee\u5f02\u662f4\u79cd\u542b\u6c2e\u78b1\u57fa\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662f\u817a\u560c\u5464\uff08Adenine\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0A\uff09\uff0c\u9e1f\u560c\u5464\uff08Guanine\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0G\uff09\uff0c\u80f8\u817a\u5627\u5576\uff08Thymine\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0T\uff09\uff0c\u80de\u5627\u5576\uff08Cytosine\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0C\uff09\u3002\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f80\u5f80\u7528\u78b1\u57fa\u5e8f\u5217\u6307\u4ee3DNA\u5e8f\u5217\u3002<strong>\u5728\u751f\u7269\u6f14\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c4\u79cd\u78b1\u57fa\u53d1\u751f\u76f8\u4e92\u66ff\u6362\u7684\u6982\u7387\u5e76\u4e0d\u5747\u7b49\uff0c\u560c\u5464\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u560c\u5464\u66ff\u6362\uff08A\u2194\u5934G\uff09\uff0c\u5627\u5576\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u5627\u5576\u66ff\u6362\uff08C\u2194T\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u66ff\u6362\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u8f6c\u6362\uff1b\u560c\u5464\u4e0e\u5627\u5576\u4e4b\u95f4\u53d1\u751f\u66ff\u6362\uff0c\u5219\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u98a0\u6362\u3002\u8f6c\u6362\u6bd4\u98a0\u6362\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u4e3a\u4f53\u73b0\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u5728\u5bf9\u5e8f\u5217\u6bd4\u5bf9\u8fdb\u884c\u6253\u5206\u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5bf9\u8f6c\u6362\u8d4b\u5206\u4e3a-1\uff0c\u5bf9\u98a0\u6362\u8d4b\u5206\u4e3a-5.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"340\" height=\"320\" class=\"wp-image-25310\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.biocloudservice.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/word-image-25302-5.png?resize=340%2C320\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.biocloudservice.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/word-image-25302-5.png?w=340 340w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.biocloudservice.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/word-image-25302-5.png?resize=300%2C282 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>BLAST\u77e9\u9635\uff1a\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u4f7f\u7528\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u7edf\u8ba1\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u5c06\u78b1\u57fa\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u8d4b\u5206\u4e3a5\uff0c\u6bd4\u5bf9\u4e0d\u4e0a\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u8d4b\u5206\u4e3a-4\uff0c\u8ba1\u5206\u77e9\u9635\u8ba1\u7b97\u6240\u5f97\u7ed3\u679c\u8f83\u597d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5c06\u6b64\u65b9\u6cd5\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8eDNA\u5e8f\u5217\u6bd4\u5bf9\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"359\" height=\"324\" class=\"wp-image-25311\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.biocloudservice.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/word-image-25302-6.png?resize=359%2C324\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.biocloudservice.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/word-image-25302-6.png?w=359 359w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.biocloudservice.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/word-image-25302-6.png?resize=300%2C271 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 359px) 100vw, 359px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a<\/h2>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u5047\u8bbe\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u5206\u522b\u4e3am\u548cn\u7684\u5e8f\u5217S\u2081\u548cS\u2082\uff0c\u5176\u4e2dS\u2081=a\u2081 a\u2082 &#8230; a<em>(m)\uff0cS\u2082=b\u2081 b\u2082 &#8230; b<\/em>(n)\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u77e9\u9635A\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d<strong>A<em>(i,j)\u8868\u793aa\u2081 a\u2082 &#8230; a<\/em>(i)\u548cb\u2081 b\u2082 &#8230; b(j)\u7684\u6700\u957f\u5171\u540c\u5b50\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"602\" height=\"512\" class=\"wp-image-25312\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.biocloudservice.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/word-image-25302-7.png?resize=602%2C512\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.biocloudservice.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/word-image-25302-7.png?w=602 602w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.biocloudservice.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/word-image-25302-7.png?resize=300%2C255 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.biocloudservice.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/word-image-25302-7.png?resize=600%2C510 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 602px) 100vw, 602px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u5e8f\u5217S\u2081\u662f\u7ad6\u7740\u5199\u7684\uff0cS\u2082\u662f\u6a2a\u7740\u5199\u7684\u3002\u9010\u884c\u3001\u9010\u5217\u5730\u5c06\u4ee3\u8868\u884c\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd\u4e0e\u4ee3\u8868\u5217\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1. \u5982\u679ca<em>(i) = b<\/em>(j)\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5339\u914d\uff08match\uff09\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u5339\u914d\u8d4b\u503c1\u5206\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>2. \u5982\u679ca<em>(i)\u2260b<\/em>(j)\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\uff08mismatch\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u4e24\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff1a\u7531 a\u2081 &#8230; a<em>(i)\u548cb\u2081 &#8230; b<\/em>(j-1) \u5f97\u5230\u7684LCS\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7531a\u2081 &#8230; a<em>(i-1)\u548cb\u2081 &#8230; b<\/em>(j)\u7684LCS\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53ef\u7531\u4ee5\u4e0b\u516c\u5f0f\u8868\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"640\" height=\"124\" class=\"wp-image-25313\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.biocloudservice.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/word-image-25302-8.png?resize=640%2C124\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.biocloudservice.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/word-image-25302-8.png?w=679 679w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.biocloudservice.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/word-image-25302-8.png?resize=300%2C58 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.biocloudservice.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/word-image-25302-8.png?resize=600%2C117 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u5047\u5982\u5c0f\u4f19\u4f34\u4eec\u8fd8\u662f\u4e0d\u592a\u7406\u89e3\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c0f\u679c\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e3e\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u5728\u7eb8\u4e0a\u5199\u4e0b&#8217;1+1+1+1+1+1+1+1 =&#8217;\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7b49\u4e8e\u591a\u5c11\uff1f\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u662f\u516b\uff01\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u5728\u5f0f\u5b50\u5de6\u8fb9\u518d\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a&#8217;1+&#8217;\u5462\uff1f\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u662f\u4e5d\uff01\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u4f60\u600e\u4e48\u80fd\u8fd9\u4e48\u5feb\u77e5\u9053\u662f\u4e5d\u7684\uff1f\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u8ba9\u516b\u518d\u52a0\u4e00\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u6240\u4ee5\u4f60\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4ece\u5934\u5f00\u59cb\u91cd\u65b0\u6570\u6570\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f60\u8bb0\u5f97\u539f\u6765\u662f\u516b\uff01\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u82b1\u54e8\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\u2018\u8bb0\u4f4f\u73b0\u5728\u4e3a\u4ee5\u540e\u7701\u65f6\u95f4\u2019\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u5c0f\u679c\u76f8\u4fe1\u5c0f\u4f19\u4f34\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u7406\u89e3\u4e86\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\u5566\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u7b97\u6cd5\u5982\u4f55\u5e94\u7528\u5728\u5e8f\u5217\u6bd4\u5bf9\u4e2d\u5462\uff1f\u4e0d\u8981\u7740\u6025\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u63a5\u7740\u5f80\u4e0b\u770b\uff1a<\/p>\n<h2>Smith-Waterman\u7b97\u6cd5\u548cNeedleman-Wunsch\u7b97\u6cd5<\/h2>\n<p>\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u7b97\u6cd5\u5728\u5e8f\u5217\u6bd4\u5bf9\u4e2d\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u5c31\u662fSmith-Waterman\u7b97\u6cd5\u548cNeedleman-Wunsch\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u7b97\u6cd5\u90fd\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5bfb\u627e\u4e24\u4e2a\u5e8f\u5217\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u6bd4\u5bf9\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Smith-Waterman\u7b97\u6cd5<strong>\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u4e24\u4e2a\u5e8f\u5217\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u5c40\u90e8\u6bd4\u5bf9\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u54ea\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ece\u54ea\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7ed3\u675f\u3002<\/strong>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6784\u5efa\u5f97\u5206\u77e9\u9635\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u5f97\u5206\u89c4\u5219\uff08\u5982\u66ff\u6362\u5f97\u5206\u3001\u7f3a\u5931\/\u63d2\u5165\u5f97\u5206\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a(n+1) x (m+1)\u7684\u5f97\u5206\u77e9\u9635\uff0c\u5176\u4e2dn\u548cm\u5206\u522b\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u3002\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5f97\u5206\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u4e3a\u96f6\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u521d\u59cb\u5316\uff1a\u5c06\u5f97\u5206\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u548c\u7b2c\u4e00\u5217\u90fd\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e3a\u96f6\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u8bb0\u5f55\u6700\u5927\u5f97\u5206\u53ca\u5176\u6240\u5728\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u586b\u5145\u5f97\u5206\u77e9\u9635\uff1a\u4ece\u5f97\u5206\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u884c\u548c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5217\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u4ee5\u4e0b\u89c4\u5219\u8ba1\u7b97\u6bcf\u4e2a\u683c\u5b50\u7684\u5f97\u5206\uff1a\n<ul>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u6bd4\u5bf9\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u5c06\u5de6\u4e0a\u65b9\u683c\u5b50\u7684\u5f97\u5206\u52a0\u4e0a\u5f53\u524d\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u5f97\u5206\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u683c\u5b50\u7684\u5f97\u5206\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u6bd4\u5bf9\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u5c06\u5de6\u4e0a\u65b9\u683c\u5b50\u7684\u5f97\u5206\u52a0\u4e0a\u66ff\u6362\u5f97\u5206\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u683c\u5b50\u7684\u5f97\u5206\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u6bd4\u5bf9\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u6765\u81ea\u7f3a\u5931\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u5c06\u5de6\u8fb9\u683c\u5b50\u7684\u5f97\u5206\u52a0\u4e0a\u7f3a\u5931\/\u63d2\u5165\u5f97\u5206\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u683c\u5b50\u7684\u5f97\u5206\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u6bd4\u5bf9\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u6765\u81ea\u63d2\u5165\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u5c06\u4e0a\u65b9\u683c\u5b50\u7684\u5f97\u5206\u52a0\u4e0a\u7f3a\u5931\/\u63d2\u5165\u5f97\u5206\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u683c\u5b50\u7684\u5f97\u5206\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u56de\u6eaf\uff1a\u4ece\u6700\u5927\u5f97\u5206\u53ca\u5176\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u5f97\u5206\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u7684\u5f97\u5206\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u56de\u6eaf\u627e\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u7684\u6bd4\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u5e76\u751f\u6210\u6700\u4f73\u6bd4\u5bf9\u5e8f\u5217\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Needleman-Wunsch\u7b97\u6cd5<strong>\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u4e24\u4e2a\u5e8f\u5217\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u5168\u5c40\u6bd4\u5bf9\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5373\u4ece\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5230\u7ed3\u675f\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u6bd4\u5bf9\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/strong>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6784\u5efa\u5f97\u5206\u77e9\u9635\uff1a\u540c\u6837\u6839\u636e\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u5f97\u5206\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a(n+1) x 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