{"id":27257,"date":"2024-01-31T16:52:20","date_gmt":"2024-01-31T08:52:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.biocloudservice.com\/wordpress\/?p=27257"},"modified":"2024-01-31T16:52:21","modified_gmt":"2024-01-31T08:52:21","slug":"%e7%bb%9a%e4%b8%bd%e9%99%8d%e7%bb%b4%e4%b9%8b%e6%97%85%ef%bc%9artsne%e5%92%8cumap%e5%b8%a6%e4%bd%a0%e6%8e%a2%e7%b4%a2%e5%9f%ba%e5%9b%a0%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae%e7%9a%84%e9%99%8d%e7%bb%b4%e7%a7%98%e5%af%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.biocloudservice.com\/wordpress\/?p=27257","title":{"rendered":"\u7eda\u4e3d\u964d\u7ef4\u4e4b\u65c5\uff1aRtsne\u548cumap\u5e26\u4f60\u63a2\u7d22\u57fa\u56e0\u6570\u636e\u7684\u964d\u7ef4\u79d8\u5bc6\uff01"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u4f60\u77e5\u9053\u5417\uff0c\u6709\u4e24\u4e2aR\u5305\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86t-SNE(t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding)\u964d\u7ef4\u7b97\u6cd5\u4ee5\u53caUMAP \uff08Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection \uff09\u964d\u7ef4\u6280\u672f\u3002\u4eca\u5929\u5c0f\u679c\u5c31\u6765\u4e3a\u5927\u5bb6\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e00\u4e0b\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2aR\u5305\u7684\u7528\u9014\u5e76\u6765\u6559\u5927\u5bb6\u5982\u4f55\u5177\u4f53\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\uff0c\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u8bdd\u5c31\u548c\u5c0f\u679c\u4e00\u8d77\u770b\u4e0b\u53bb\u5427\uff01<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e86\u89e3Rtsne\u5305\u548cumap\u5305<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Rtsne<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Rtsne\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728R\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86t-SNE\uff08t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding\uff09\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u5305\u3002t-SNE\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u964d\u7ef4\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5c06\u9ad8\u7ef4\u6570\u636e\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u4e8c\u7ef4\u6216\u4e09\u7ef4\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u8fdb\u884c\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u548c\u805a\u7c7b\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Rtsne\u5305\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3aRtsne()\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528t-SNE\u7b97\u6cd5\u5c06\u9ad8\u7ef4\u6570\u636e\u964d\u4f4e\u5230\u8f83\u4f4e\u7ef4\u5ea6\u3002\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u53c2\u6570\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>X\uff1a\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u77e9\u9635\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u8981\u964d\u7ef4\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u3002<\/li>\n<li>dims\uff1a\u8f93\u51fa\u964d\u7ef4\u540e\u7684\u7ef4\u5ea6\u6570\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a2\u62163\u3002<\/li>\n<li>pca\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u903b\u8f91\u503c\uff0c\u6307\u793a\u662f\u5426\u5728\u8fd0\u884ct-SNE\u4e4b\u524d\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884cPCA\u964d\u7ef4\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3aTRUE\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u5728\u8fdb\u884ct-SNE\u4e4b\u524d\u8fdb\u884cPCA\u964d\u7ef4\u3002<\/li>\n<li>perplexity\uff1a\u63a7\u5236t-SNE\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u56f0\u60d1\u5ea6\uff08perplexity\uff09\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8861\u91cf\u6bcf\u4e2a\u70b9\u5468\u56f4\u90bb\u57df\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u503c\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u66f4\u8fdc\u7684\u90bb\u57df\u6548\u679c\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u4e3a30\u3002<\/li>\n<li>theta\uff1a\u63a7\u5236t-SNE\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5e73\u8861\u8fd1\u90bb\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u5ea6\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u6548\u7387\u3002\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u503c\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u66f4\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4f46\u8ba1\u7b97\u65f6\u95f4\u53ef\u80fd\u8f83\u957f\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u4e3a0\u3002<\/li>\n<li>initial_dims\uff1a\u5728\u8fdb\u884cPCA\u964d\u7ef4\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u7ef4\u5ea6\u6570\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u4e3a50\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u9664\u4e86\u964d\u7ef4\u51fd\u6570Rtsne()\uff0c\u8be5\u5305\u8fd8\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u4ed6\u6709\u7528\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5982\u8f6c\u6362\u540e\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3001\u964d\u7ef4\u540e\u7684\u8fed\u4ee3\u6b21\u6570\u4ee5\u53ca\u6700\u7ec8\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff08cost\uff09\u503c\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528Rtsne\u5305\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u5728R\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0t-SNE\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u9ad8\u7ef4\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u548c\u805a\u7c7b\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>umap<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>umap\uff08Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728R\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86UMAP\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u5305\u3002UMAP\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u964d\u7ef4\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5c06\u9ad8\u7ef4\u6570\u636e\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u8f83\u4f4e\u7ef4\u5ea6\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u7528\u4e8e\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u548c\u805a\u7c7b\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n<p>umap\u5305\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3aumap()\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528UMAP\u7b97\u6cd5\u5bf9\u9ad8\u7ef4\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u964d\u7ef4\u3002\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u53c2\u6570\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>X\uff1a\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u77e9\u9635\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u8981\u964d\u7ef4\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u3002<\/li>\n<li>n_neighbors\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u70b9\u7684\u8fd1\u90bb\u6570\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u4e3a15\u3002<\/li>\n<li>n_components\uff1a\u8f93\u51fa\u964d\u7ef4\u540e\u7684\u7ef4\u5ea6\u6570\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a2\u62163\u3002<\/li>\n<li>metric\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u8ba1\u7b97\u8ddd\u79bb\u7684\u5ea6\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6b27\u51e0\u91cc\u5f97\u8ddd\u79bb\u3002\u60a8\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u5176\u4ed6\u5ea6\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5982\u66fc\u54c8\u987f\u8ddd\u79bb\u3001\u4f59\u5f26\u8ddd\u79bb\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n<li>min_dist\uff1a\u63a7\u5236\u4f4e\u7ef4\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u90bb\u57df\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8ddd\u79bb\u3002\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u503c\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u66f4\u5bc6\u96c6\u7684\u5d4c\u5165\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u800c\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u503c\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u66f4\u5206\u6563\u7684\u5d4c\u5165\u6548\u679c\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u4e3a0.1\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u9664\u4e86\u964d\u7ef4\u51fd\u6570umap()\uff0c\u8be5\u5305\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u6709\u7528\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5982\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u51fd\u6570plot()\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5bf9\u964d\u7ef4\u7ed3\u679c\u8fdb\u884c\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528umap\u5305\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u5728R\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0UMAP\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c06\u9ad8\u7ef4\u6570\u636e\u964d\u7ef4\u5230\u8f83\u4f4e\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff0c\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u548c\u805a\u7c7b\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u7279\u5f81\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4f7f\u7528Rtsne\u5305\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u964d\u7ef4<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4e86\u89e3\u5b8c\u8fd9\u4e2aR\u5305\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u9014\u540e\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165\u6211\u4eec\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u6b63\u9898\uff01<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5b66\u4e60\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Rtsne\u548cumap\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2aR\u8bed\u8a00\u5305\u6765\u964d\u7ef4\u548c\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u201ciris\u201d\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u964d\u7ef4\u548c\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3iris\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u5e76\u53d1\u73b0\u5176\u805a\u7c7b\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5e76\u5bfc\u5165R\u5305<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5bfc\u5165\u6240\u9700\u7684R\u5305\uff0c\u5305\u62ecRtsne\u3001ggplot2\u548cumap\u3002<\/p>\n<p>library(Rtsne)<br \/>\nlibrary(ggplot2)<br \/>\nlibrary(umap)<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u52a0\u8f7d\u6570\u636e\u96c6 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u52a0\u8f7dR\u81ea\u5e26\u7684iris\u6570\u636e\u96c6 \u3002\u8be5\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u6570\u636e\u96c6\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b150\u4e2a\u6837\u672c\u548c4\u4e2a\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u52a0\u8f7d\u6570\u636e\u96c6\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>iris_data &lt;- unique(iris)<\/p>\n<p>\u5c0f\u679c\u6e29\u99a8\u63d0\u793a\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86unique()\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u53bb\u9664\u91cd\u590d\u503c\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6837\u672c\u53ea\u51fa\u73b0\u4e00\u6b21\u54e6\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>Rtsne\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u964d\u7ef4 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528Rtsne\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u964d\u7ef4\u3002Rtsne\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8et-SNE\u964d\u7ef4\u7684R\u5305\uff0c\u521a\u624d\u5c0f\u679c\u4e5f\u5bf9\u5176\u505a\u4e86\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u6765\u4e00\u8d77\u5b9e\u9645\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e0b\u5427\uff01\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u8fdb\u884c\u964d\u7ef4\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>tsne &lt;- Rtsne(iris_data[,-5], pca=FALSE, theta=0)<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u53bb\u9664\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u5217\uff08\u6570\u636e\u7684\u79cd\u7c7b\uff09\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u8bbe\u7f6epca=FALSE\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528t-SNE\u7b97\u6cd5\u800c\u4e0d\u662fPCA\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u964d\u7ef4\uff0c\u8bbe\u7f6etheta=0\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u67e5\u770b\u964d\u7ef4\u540e\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>names(tsne)<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd0\u884c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u540e\uff0c\u4f60\u5c06\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ecN\u3001Y\u3001costs\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u964d\u7ef4\u540e\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"640\" height=\"72\" class=\"wp-image-27258\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.biocloudservice.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/word-image-27257-1.png?resize=640%2C72\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.biocloudservice.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/word-image-27257-1.png?w=1040 1040w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.biocloudservice.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/word-image-27257-1.png?resize=300%2C34 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.biocloudservice.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/word-image-27257-1.png?resize=1024%2C115 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.biocloudservice.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/word-image-27257-1.png?resize=768%2C86 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.biocloudservice.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/word-image-27257-1.png?resize=600%2C68 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u964d\u7ef4\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u89c6\u5316<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528ggplot2\u5305\u6765\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u964d\u7ef4\u540e\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>as_tibble(tsne$Y) %&gt;%<br \/>\nbind_cols(Species=iris_data$Species) %&gt;%<br \/>\nmutate(t1=V1,t2=V2) %&gt;%<br \/>\nggplot(aes(t1, t2, col=Species, shape=Species)) +<br \/>\ngeom_point(size=3)<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u5c06\u964d\u7ef4\u540e\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3atibble\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u5e76\u6dfb\u52a0\u6570\u636e\u7684\u79cd\u7c7b\u6807\u7b7e\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528ggplot2\u6765\u7ed8\u5236\u6563\u70b9\u56fe\uff0c\u5176\u4e2dx\u8f74\u8868\u793at1\uff0cy\u8f74\u8868\u793at2\uff0c\u70b9\u7684\u989c\u8272\u548c\u5f62\u72b6\u8868\u793a\u6570\u636e\u7684\u79cd\u7c7b\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u8d77\u6765\u770b\u770b\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u540e\u7684\u6548\u679c\u56fe\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u5427\uff01<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"640\" height=\"643\" class=\"wp-image-27259\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.biocloudservice.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/word-image-27257-2.png?resize=640%2C643\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.biocloudservice.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/word-image-27257-2.png?w=669 669w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.biocloudservice.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/word-image-27257-2.png?resize=300%2C300 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.biocloudservice.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/word-image-27257-2.png?resize=150%2C150 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.biocloudservice.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/word-image-27257-2.png?resize=600%2C603 600w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.biocloudservice.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/word-image-27257-2.png?resize=100%2C100 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>umap\u6570\u636e\u964d\u7ef4<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528umap\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u964d\u7ef4\u548c\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u3002umap\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8eUMAP\u964d\u7ef4\u7684R\u5305\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u8d77\u6765\u770b\u770b\u5427\uff01<\/p>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u8fdb\u884c\u964d\u7ef4\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>iris_umap &lt;- umap(iris[,-5])<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u53bb\u9664\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u5217\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8f93\u5165\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u63d0\u53d6\u964d\u7ef4\u540e\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>layout &lt;- iris_umap$layout<\/p>\n<p>\u7ed3\u679c\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><strong><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"293\" height=\"950\" class=\"wp-image-27260\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.biocloudservice.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/word-image-27257-3.png?resize=293%2C950\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u964d\u7ef4\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u89c6\u5316<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ecd\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u4f7f\u7528ggplot2\u6765\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u964d\u7ef4\u540e\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u5373\u53ef\u5b8c\u6210\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>layout %&gt;%<br \/>\nas_tibble() %&gt;%<br \/>\nggplot(aes(V1, V2, col=iris$Species, shape=iris$Species)) +<br \/>\ngeom_point(size=2)<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u5c06\u964d\u7ef4\u540e\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3atibble\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528ggplot2\u7ed8\u5236\u6563\u70b9\u56fe\uff0c\u5176\u4e2dx\u8f74\u8868\u793aV1\uff0cy\u8f74\u8868\u793aV2\uff0c\u70b9\u7684\u989c\u8272\u548c\u5f62\u72b6\u8868\u793a\u6570\u636e\u7684\u79cd\u7c7b\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u8d77\u6765\u770b\u770b\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u56fe\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"640\" height=\"645\" class=\"wp-image-27261\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.biocloudservice.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/word-image-27257-4.png?resize=640%2C645\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.biocloudservice.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/word-image-27257-4.png?w=666 666w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.biocloudservice.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/word-image-27257-4.png?resize=298%2C300 298w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.biocloudservice.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/word-image-27257-4.png?resize=150%2C150 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.biocloudservice.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/word-image-27257-4.png?resize=600%2C605 600w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.biocloudservice.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/word-image-27257-4.png?resize=100%2C100 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u4f7f\u7528Rtsne\u548cumap\u5305\u5bf9\u793a\u4f8b\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u8fdb\u884c\u964d\u7ef4\u548c\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u6559\u7a0b\u3002\u600e\u4e48\u6837\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u7b80\u5355\uff01\u4f60\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e86\u561b\uff1f\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u5bf9\u4f60\u7684\u5206\u6790\u6709\u6240\u5e2e\u52a9\uff01\u66f4\u591a\u5b66\u4e60\u5e72\u8d27\u656c\u8bf7\u5173\u6ce8\u5c0f\u679c\u5427\uff01<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u4f60\u77e5\u9053\u5417\uff0c\u6709\u4e24\u4e2aR\u5305\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86t-SNE(t-distributed stochastic neighbor em 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