{"id":72998,"date":"2026-11-15T13:05:21","date_gmt":"2026-11-15T05:05:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.biocloudservice.com\/wordpress\/?p=72998"},"modified":"2026-11-15T13:05:21","modified_gmt":"2026-11-15T05:05:21","slug":"kallisto-bootstrap-isoform-identifiability-shared-reads-practice","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.biocloudservice.com\/wordpress\/kallisto-bootstrap-isoform-identifiability-shared-reads-practice\/","title":{"rendered":"kallisto \u5b9e\u8dd1\u6559\u7a0b\uff5c\u4e00\u767e\u6b21 bootstrap \u90fd\u7ed9\u51fa\u76f8\u540c\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4ecd\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bc1\u660e\u5f02\u6784\u4f53\u8868\u8fbe\u76f8\u7b49"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"ysx-method-guide\" style=\"max-width:820px;min-width:0;margin:0 auto;color:#26374a;line-height:1.86;overflow-wrap:anywhere\">\n<p>\u8f6c\u5f55\u672c\u5b9a\u91cf\u7ed3\u679c\u91cc\uff0c\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u7ed9\u4eba\u5b89\u5168\u611f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u91cd\u590d\u62bd\u6837\u4e00\u767e\u6b21\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u5f02\u6784\u4f53\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u59cb\u7ec8\u662f\u4e00\u6bd4\u4e00\uff0c\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5df2\u7ecf\u83b7\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u3002\u4f46\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u6839\u672c\u6ca1\u6709\u80fd\u591f\u533a\u5206\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5f02\u6784\u4f53\u7684\u7247\u6bb5\uff0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u5728\u5bf9\u79f0\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u6301\u7eed\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u540c\u4e00\u79cd\u5206\u914d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u672c\u6587\u5b9e\u9645\u5b89\u88c5 kallisto 0.52.0\uff0c\u6784\u9020\u4e24\u4e2a\u5171\u4eab\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u5f02\u6784\u4f53\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u5bf9\u7167\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u8fd0\u884c\u5177\u6709\u533a\u5206\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0e\u53ea\u8986\u76d6\u5171\u4eab\u533a\u57df\u7684\u4e24\u7ec4\u6587\u5e93\uff0c\u6bcf\u7ec4\u5b8c\u6210\u4e00\u767e\u6b21 bootstrap\u3002\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u5173\u952e\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\uff0c\u53ea\u8986\u76d6\u5171\u4eab\u533a\u57df\u65f6\uff0c\u5f02\u6784\u4f53\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7684\u62bd\u6837\u6807\u51c6\u5dee\u4e3a\u96f6\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u8bc1\u660e\u771f\u5b9e\u6765\u6e90\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u786e\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n<figure class=\"guide-figure\" style=\"margin:24px 0 28px\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/kallisto-bootstrap-isoform-identifiability-shared-reads-practice-guide.png\" alt=\"\u62bd\u6837\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4e0d\u53d8\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u6765\u6e90\u5df2\u786e\u5b9a\u3002\u4e24\u7ec4\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6587\u5e93\uff0c\u5404\u5b9e\u8dd1\u4e00\u767e\u6b21 bootstrap\u3002100%\uff0c\u4e24\u7ec4\u90fd\u6210\u529f\u4f2a\u6bd4\u5bf9\uff0c\u80fd\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e\u533a\u5206\u96c6\u5408\u6210\u5458\u3002540 \/ 60\uff0c\u7279\u6709\u7247\u6bb5\u63d0\u4f9b\u5206\u914d\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u672c\u6b21\u5171\u4eab\u7247\u6bb5\u968f\u4e5d\u6bd4\u4e00\u8bc1\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u914d\u3002300 \/ 300\uff0c\u4e00\u767e\u6b21\u6bd4\u4f8b\u90fd\u4e3a\u4e8c\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u7f3a\u5c11\u533a\u5206\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u7a33\u5b9a\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bc1\u660e\u8868\u8fbe\u76f8\u7b49\u3002\" width=\"1200\" height=\"840\" style=\"display:block;width:100%;height:auto;border-radius:10px\"><figcaption style=\"font-size:14px;line-height:1.6;margin:9px 2px 0;color:#475569\">\u4e24\u7ec4\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6587\u5e93\uff0c\u5404\u5b9e\u8dd1\u4e00\u767e\u6b21 bootstrap<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2 style=\"font-size:1.38em;line-height:1.5;margin:1.55em 0 .55em;color:#182d43\">\u4e00\u3001\u5148\u660e\u786e\u4f2a\u6bd4\u5bf9\u80fd\u591f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4ec0\u4e48\u4fe1\u606f<\/h2>\n<p>kallisto \u5229\u7528\u53c2\u8003\u8f6c\u5f55\u672c\u96c6\u5408\u8bc6\u522b\u4e0e\u8bfb\u6bb5\u76f8\u5bb9\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u5e76\u636e\u6b64\u4f30\u8ba1\u4e30\u5ea6\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u7247\u6bb5\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u76f8\u5bb9\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u540c\u65f6\u4e0e\u591a\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u76f8\u5bb9\u3002\u540e\u8005\u5e76\u4e0d\u5fc5\u7136\u662f\u574f\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u5206\u914d\u9700\u8981\u7ed3\u5408\u5176\u4ed6\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u6a21\u578b\u5904\u7406\u3002<a style=\"color:#8168a9;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:2px\" href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1505.02710\">\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u6587<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6210\u529f\u4f2a\u6bd4\u5bf9\u4e0e\u80fd\u591f\u552f\u4e00\u5730\u533a\u5206\u8f6c\u5f55\u672c\u4e0d\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u5e93\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u4f2a\u6bd4\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff0c\u5374\u4ecd\u7136\u5305\u542b\u5927\u91cf\u53ea\u652f\u6301\u67d0\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u96c6\u5408\u3001\u4e0d\u80fd\u533a\u5206\u96c6\u5408\u6210\u5458\u7684\u7247\u6bb5\u3002\u82e5\u7814\u7a76\u91cd\u70b9\u662f\u5f02\u6784\u4f53\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u533a\u522b\u5c24\u5176\u5173\u952e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u662f\u80fd\u8f83\u5feb\u751f\u6210\u5b9a\u91cf\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u91cd\u590d\u62bd\u6837\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u8ba9\u8bfb\u8005\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u68c0\u67e5\u4f30\u8ba1\u7684\u6ce2\u52a8\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u4e5f\u5f88\u660e\u786e\uff0c\u53c2\u8003\u7f3a\u5931\u3001\u76f8\u4f3c\u8f6c\u5f55\u672c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u771f\u5b9e\u6570\u636e\u504f\u79bb\u6a21\u578b\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u8ba1\u7b97\u7ed3\u675f\u800c\u81ea\u52a8\u6d88\u5931\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"font-size:1.38em;line-height:1.5;margin:1.55em 0 .55em;color:#182d43\">\u4e8c\u3001\u4e24\u4e2a\u5f02\u6784\u4f53\u600e\u6837\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u770b\u6e05\u5171\u4eab\u4fe1\u606f<\/h2>\n<p>\u672c\u6b21 isoA \u4e0e isoB \u90fd\u957f\u4e24\u5343\u78b1\u57fa\uff0c\u524d\u4e00\u5343\u4e03\u767e\u78b1\u57fa\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u4e09\u767e\u78b1\u57fa\u5404\u81ea\u72ec\u7acb\u751f\u6210\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807 controlC \u540c\u6837\u957f\u4e24\u5343\u78b1\u57fa\uff0c\u4f46\u5e8f\u5217\u72ec\u7acb\u3002\u5168\u90e8\u5e8f\u5217\u7531\u56fa\u5b9a\u968f\u673a\u79cd\u5b50\u751f\u6210\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u5c06\u7279\u5b9a\u771f\u5b9e\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u80cc\u666f\u6df7\u5165\u8fd9\u4e2a\u673a\u5236\u6f14\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ec4\u4e00\u5343\u5bf9\u7247\u6bb5\u4e2d\uff0c\u56db\u767e\u5bf9\u5b8c\u5168\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5171\u4eab\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u4e00\u767e\u516b\u5341\u5bf9\u4f4d\u4e8e A \u7684\u7279\u6709\u5c3e\u90e8\uff0c\u4e8c\u5341\u5bf9\u4f4d\u4e8e B \u7684\u7279\u6709\u5c3e\u90e8\uff0c\u53e6\u6709\u56db\u767e\u5bf9\u6765\u81ea C\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ec4\u540c\u6837\u4e00\u5343\u5bf9\uff0c\u4f46\u524d\u4e24\u4e2a\u5f02\u6784\u4f53\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u7247\u6bb5\u5168\u90e8\u6765\u81ea\u5171\u4eab\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u5171\u516d\u767e\u5bf9\uff0cC \u4ecd\u4e3a\u56db\u767e\u5bf9\u3002<\/p>\n<div class=\"guide-table\" style=\"max-width:100%;overflow-x:auto;margin:18px 0\">\n<table style=\"display:table;width:100%;max-width:100%;min-width:0;table-layout:fixed;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:.92em;line-height:1.6\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"col\" style=\"white-space:normal;overflow-wrap:anywhere;word-break:normal;background:#f8f4ff;color:#1e293b;vertical-align:top;text-align:left;padding:6px;border:1px solid #c4cfdb\">\u6765\u6e90\u7c7b\u522b<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\" style=\"white-space:normal;overflow-wrap:anywhere;word-break:normal;background:#f8f4ff;color:#1e293b;vertical-align:top;text-align:right;padding:6px;border:1px solid #c4cfdb\">\u6709\u533a\u5206\u4fe1\u606f<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\" style=\"white-space:normal;overflow-wrap:anywhere;word-break:normal;background:#f8f4ff;color:#1e293b;vertical-align:top;text-align:right;padding:6px;border:1px solid #c4cfdb\">\u4ec5\u5171\u4eab\u533a\u57df<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"white-space:normal;overflow-wrap:anywhere;word-break:normal;padding:6px;vertical-align:top;border:1px solid #c4cfdb\">A\u3001B \u5171\u4eab\u533a\u57df<\/td>\n<td style=\"white-space:normal;overflow-wrap:anywhere;word-break:normal;padding:6px;vertical-align:top;border:1px solid #c4cfdb;text-align:right\">400 \u5bf9<\/td>\n<td style=\"white-space:normal;overflow-wrap:anywhere;word-break:normal;padding:6px;vertical-align:top;border:1px solid #c4cfdb;text-align:right\">600 \u5bf9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"white-space:normal;overflow-wrap:anywhere;word-break:normal;padding:6px;vertical-align:top;border:1px solid #c4cfdb\">A \u7279\u6709\u533a\u57df<\/td>\n<td style=\"white-space:normal;overflow-wrap:anywhere;word-break:normal;padding:6px;vertical-align:top;border:1px solid #c4cfdb;text-align:right\">180 \u5bf9<\/td>\n<td style=\"white-space:normal;overflow-wrap:anywhere;word-break:normal;padding:6px;vertical-align:top;border:1px solid #c4cfdb;text-align:right\">0 \u5bf9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"white-space:normal;overflow-wrap:anywhere;word-break:normal;padding:6px;vertical-align:top;border:1px solid #c4cfdb\">B \u7279\u6709\u533a\u57df<\/td>\n<td style=\"white-space:normal;overflow-wrap:anywhere;word-break:normal;padding:6px;vertical-align:top;border:1px solid #c4cfdb;text-align:right\">20 \u5bf9<\/td>\n<td style=\"white-space:normal;overflow-wrap:anywhere;word-break:normal;padding:6px;vertical-align:top;border:1px solid #c4cfdb;text-align:right\">0 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\u5bf9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u6bcf\u5bf9\u8bfb\u6bb5\u7684\u4e24\u7aef\u5404\u4e00\u767e\u78b1\u57fa\uff0c\u5b8c\u6574\u7247\u6bb5\u957f\u5ea6\u968f\u673a\u53d6\u4e8c\u767e\u4e8c\u5341\u81f3\u4e8c\u767e\u516b\u5341\u78b1\u57fa\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u751f\u6210\u5b8c\u6574\u7247\u6bb5\uff0c\u518d\u53d6\u4e24\u7aef\u5e76\u4fdd\u6301\u914d\u5bf9\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u6d4b\u5e8f\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u8ba9\u5171\u4eab\u7247\u6bb5\u8de8\u5165\u5f02\u6784\u4f53\u7279\u6709\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u80fd\u591f\u660e\u786e\u77e5\u9053\u54ea\u4e9b\u7247\u6bb5\u5177\u6709\u533a\u5206\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u91cc\u523b\u610f\u6309\u533a\u57df\u9009\u62e9\u7247\u6bb5\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u5747\u5300\u6a21\u62df\u6574\u4e2a\u771f\u5b9e\u8f6c\u5f55\u672c\u7684\u8986\u76d6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bbe\u8ba1\u9002\u5408\u89e3\u91ca\u4fe1\u606f\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u6765\u8bc1\u660e\u4f30\u8ba1\u503c\u51c6\u786e\u6062\u590d\u4e86\u771f\u5b9e\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u8868\u8fbe\u91cf\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u4e0d\u80fd\u628a\u5171\u4eab\u7247\u6bb5\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u4eba\u4e3a\u6307\u5b9a\u7ed9\u67d0\u4e2a\u5f02\u6784\u4f53\uff0c\u518d\u5c06\u8f6f\u4ef6\u6ca1\u6709\u6062\u590d\u8fd9\u79cd\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u5e8f\u5217\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\u6807\u7b7e\u8bf4\u6210\u7b97\u6cd5\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"font-size:1.38em;line-height:1.5;margin:1.55em 0 .55em;color:#182d43\">\u4e09\u3001\u5b9e\u9645\u5b89\u88c5\u4e0e\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u4fdd\u7559\u53ef\u590d\u6838\u7684\u73af\u5883<\/h2>\n<p>\u672c\u6b21\u4f7f\u7528\u56fa\u5b9a\u6458\u8981\u7684 kallisto 0.52.0 \u955c\u50cf\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u5efa\u7acb\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u518d\u5206\u522b\u6267\u884c\u4e24\u7ec4\u5b9a\u91cf\u3002\u7d22\u5f15\u7248\u672c\u4e3a\u5341\u4e09\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645 k \u503c\u4e3a\u4e09\u5341\u4e00\u3002\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7248\u672c\u548c\u7d22\u5f15\u7248\u672c\u4e00\u8d77\u4fdd\u7559\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4ee5\u540e\u4ec5\u590d\u5236\u4e00\u4e2a\u7d22\u5f15\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5374\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u5b83\u4e0e\u5f53\u524d\u7a0b\u5e8f\u662f\u5426\u517c\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<pre style=\"max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;overflow-x:auto;margin:18px 0;padding:14px 16px;background:#f3f6fa;color:#1a293c;border:1px solid #d8e1ea;border-radius:8px;line-height:1.55;white-space:pre;overflow-wrap:normal;word-break:normal\"><code class=\"language-bash\">kallisto index -i transcripts.idx -t 2 transcripts.fa\r\n\r\nkallisto quant -i transcripts.idx \\\r\n  -o informative -b 100 --seed 143 \\\r\n  --plaintext --fr-stranded -t 2 \\\r\n  informative_1.fq informative_2.fq\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u4e24\u7ec4\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u7d22\u5f15\u3001\u76f8\u540c\u62bd\u6837\u6b21\u6570\u548c\u56fa\u5b9a\u968f\u673a\u79cd\u5b50\u3002\u8bfb\u6bb5\u65b9\u5411\u7531\u6211\u4eec\u4e3b\u52a8\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9009\u62e9\u4e0e\u5176\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u94fe\u7279\u5f02\u6027\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u53cc\u7aef\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u4e3a\u6307\u5b9a\u5355\u7aef\u7247\u6bb5\u957f\u5ea6\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6839\u636e\u914d\u5bf9\u4fe1\u606f\u5904\u7406\u7247\u6bb5\u5206\u5e03\u3002<a style=\"color:#8168a9;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:2px\" href=\"https:\/\/pachterlab.github.io\/kallisto\/manual\">\u547d\u4ee4\u4f7f\u7528\u8bf4\u660e<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u56fa\u5b9a\u79cd\u5b50\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u590d\u6838\u8fd9\u6b21\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u6240\u6709\u786c\u4ef6\u3001\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u6392\u548c\u672a\u6765\u7248\u672c\u90fd\u4f1a\u9010\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u590d\u6838\u65f6\u5e94\u540c\u65f6\u68c0\u67e5\u4e3b\u8981\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7247\u6bb5\u6570\u91cf\u3001\u76f8\u5bb9\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u76ee\u6807\u5217\u8868\u548c\u4e24\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u5dee\u522b\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u53ea\u76ef\u4f4f\u67d0\u4e2a\u5c0f\u6570\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u540c\u7248\u672c\u7684\u9009\u9879\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u6838\u5bf9\u3002\u5728\u7ebf\u624b\u518c\u90e8\u5206\u793a\u4f8b\u4ecd\u5199\u7740\u8f83\u65e9\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u800c\u5f53\u524d\u53d1\u5e03\u8bb0\u5f55\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u672c\u6b21\u53ea\u4f7f\u7528\u5b9e\u9645\u5b89\u88c5\u5305\u652f\u6301\u5e76\u5df2\u7ecf\u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u7684\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5c06\u5176\u4ed6\u7248\u672c\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u529f\u80fd\u90fd\u7b97\u5165\u5b9e\u6d4b\u8303\u56f4\u3002<a style=\"color:#8168a9;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:2px\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/pachterlab\/kallisto\/releases\">\u53d1\u5e03\u8bb0\u5f55<\/a><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"font-size:1.38em;line-height:1.5;margin:1.55em 0 .55em;color:#182d43\">\u56db\u3001\u4f2a\u6bd4\u5bf9\u90fd\u662f\u767e\u5206\u4e4b\u767e\uff0c\u4f46\u4fe1\u606f\u91cf\u5e76\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c<\/h2>\n<p>\u4e24\u7ec4\u90fd\u5904\u7406\u4e86\u4e00\u5343\u5bf9\u7247\u6bb5\uff0c\u6210\u529f\u4f2a\u6bd4\u5bf9\u4e5f\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u5343\uff0c\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5747\u4e3a\u767e\u5206\u4e4b\u767e\u3002\u6709\u533a\u5206\u4fe1\u606f\u7ec4\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u76f8\u5bb9\u7247\u6bb5\u4e3a\u516d\u767e\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec A \u7279\u6709\u7684\u4e00\u767e\u516b\u5341\u3001B \u7279\u6709\u7684\u4e8c\u5341\u548c\u72ec\u7acb\u5bf9\u7167\u7684\u56db\u767e\u3002\u4ec5\u5171\u4eab\u533a\u57df\u7ec4\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u76f8\u5bb9\u7247\u6bb5\u53ea\u6709\u56db\u767e\uff0c\u5168\u90e8\u6765\u81ea C\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u628a\u4f2a\u6bd4\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4f8b\u8d34\u5728\u62a5\u544a\u91cc\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u7ec4\u4f1a\u663e\u5f97\u4e00\u6837\u597d\u3002\u628a\u552f\u4e00\u76f8\u5bb9\u6570\u91cf\u4e00\u8d77\u770b\uff0c\u624d\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ec4\u5728 A\u3001B \u4e4b\u95f4\u5b8c\u5168\u7f3a\u5c11\u533a\u5206\u6027\u89c2\u6d4b\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8d28\u91cf\u6307\u6807\u5e94\u4e0e\u7814\u7a76\u95ee\u9898\u5bf9\u5e94\uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5f02\u6784\u4f53\u65f6\u4e0d\u80fd\u53ea\u62a5\u544a\u4e00\u4e2a\u603b\u4f53\u6210\u529f\u6bd4\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u70b9\u4f30\u8ba1\u4e5f\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u533a\u522b\u3002\u6709\u533a\u5206\u4fe1\u606f\u7ec4\u7ed9\u51fa A \u4e3a\u4e94\u767e\u56db\u5341\u3001B \u4e3a\u516d\u5341\u3001C \u4e3a\u56db\u767e\u3002A \u4e0e B \u7684\u7279\u6709\u7247\u6bb5\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4e3a\u4e5d\u6bd4\u4e00\uff0c\u5728\u672c\u6b21\u5bf9\u79f0\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u7b80\u5316\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u5171\u4eab\u7247\u6bb5\u4e5f\u6309\u540c\u6837\u6bd4\u4f8b\u88ab\u5206\u914d\uff0c\u56db\u767e\u5bf9\u5171\u4eab\u7247\u6bb5\u5bf9\u5e94\u7ea6\u4e09\u767e\u516d\u5341\u4e0e\u56db\u5341\u3002<\/p>\n<div class=\"guide-table\" style=\"max-width:100%;overflow-x:auto;margin:18px 0\">\n<table style=\"display:table;width:100%;max-width:100%;min-width:0;table-layout:fixed;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:.92em;line-height:1.6\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"col\" style=\"white-space:normal;overflow-wrap:anywhere;word-break:normal;background:#f8f4ff;color:#1e293b;vertical-align:top;text-align:left;padding:6px;border:1px solid #c4cfdb\">\u6761\u4ef6<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\" style=\"white-space:normal;overflow-wrap:anywhere;word-break:normal;background:#f8f4ff;color:#1e293b;vertical-align:top;text-align:right;padding:6px;border:1px solid #c4cfdb\">A \u4f30\u8ba1\u7247\u6bb5<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\" style=\"white-space:normal;overflow-wrap:anywhere;word-break:normal;background:#f8f4ff;color:#1e293b;vertical-align:top;text-align:right;padding:6px;border:1px solid #c4cfdb\">B \u4f30\u8ba1\u7247\u6bb5<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\" style=\"white-space:normal;overflow-wrap:anywhere;word-break:normal;background:#f8f4ff;color:#1e293b;vertical-align:top;text-align:right;padding:6px;border:1px solid #c4cfdb\">C \u4f30\u8ba1\u7247\u6bb5<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"white-space:normal;overflow-wrap:anywhere;word-break:normal;padding:6px;vertical-align:top;border:1px solid #c4cfdb\">\u6709\u533a\u5206\u4fe1\u606f<\/td>\n<td style=\"white-space:normal;overflow-wrap:anywhere;word-break:normal;padding:6px;vertical-align:top;border:1px solid #c4cfdb;text-align:right\">540<\/td>\n<td style=\"white-space:normal;overflow-wrap:anywhere;word-break:normal;padding:6px;vertical-align:top;border:1px solid #c4cfdb;text-align:right\">60<\/td>\n<td style=\"white-space:normal;overflow-wrap:anywhere;word-break:normal;padding:6px;vertical-align:top;border:1px solid #c4cfdb;text-align:right\">400<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"white-space:normal;overflow-wrap:anywhere;word-break:normal;padding:6px;vertical-align:top;border:1px solid #c4cfdb\">\u4ec5\u5171\u4eab\u533a\u57df<\/td>\n<td style=\"white-space:normal;overflow-wrap:anywhere;word-break:normal;padding:6px;vertical-align:top;border:1px solid #c4cfdb;text-align:right\">300<\/td>\n<td style=\"white-space:normal;overflow-wrap:anywhere;word-break:normal;padding:6px;vertical-align:top;border:1px solid #c4cfdb;text-align:right\">300<\/td>\n<td style=\"white-space:normal;overflow-wrap:anywhere;word-break:normal;padding:6px;vertical-align:top;border:1px solid #c4cfdb;text-align:right\">400<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ec4 A\u3001B \u5404\u4e09\u767e\uff0c\u7b26\u5408\u5f53\u524d\u5bf9\u79f0\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e0b\u7684\u5206\u914d\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u4f46\u539f\u59cb\u5e8f\u5217\u6ca1\u6709\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\u516d\u767e\u5bf9\u5171\u4eab\u7247\u6bb5\u5206\u522b\u6765\u81ea\u591a\u5c11 A \u548c B\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76f8\u7b49\u7684\u70b9\u4f30\u8ba1\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u6539\u5199\u6210\u201c\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e24\u8005\u8868\u8fbe\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"font-size:1.38em;line-height:1.5;margin:1.55em 0 .55em;color:#182d43\">\u4e94\u3001\u4e00\u767e\u6b21 bootstrap \u5b9e\u9645\u544a\u8bc9\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u4ec0\u4e48<\/h2>\n<p>\u6bcf\u7ec4\u90fd\u6210\u529f\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u767e\u4efd\u91cd\u590d\u62bd\u6837\u4e30\u5ea6\u8868\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6309\u76ee\u6807\u6807\u8bc6\u6c47\u603b\u6bcf\u6b21\u4f30\u8ba1\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5047\u5b9a\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u884c\u987a\u5e8f\u90fd\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u5206\u522b\u8ba1\u7b97 A\u3001B \u7684\u4f30\u8ba1\u7247\u6bb5\u6ce2\u52a8\uff0c\u8fd8\u8ba1\u7b97\u6bcf\u6b21 A \u5360 A \u52a0 B \u603b\u91cf\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff0c\u4ee5\u89c2\u5bdf\u5bb6\u65cf\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u5206\u914d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6709\u533a\u5206\u4fe1\u606f\u7ec4\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u7ea6\u4e3a 0.89942\uff0c\u6807\u51c6\u5dee\u7ea6\u4e3a 0.02090\u3002\u4e00\u767e\u6b21\u62bd\u6837\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u503c\u7ea6\u4e3a 0.83721\uff0c\u6700\u5927\u503c\u7ea6\u4e3a 0.94975\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8303\u56f4\u53ea\u662f\u672c\u6b21\u6709\u9650\u6b21\u62bd\u6837\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u6210\u67d0\u4e2a\u6307\u5b9a\u7f6e\u4fe1\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u533a\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ec5\u5171\u4eab\u533a\u57df\u7ec4\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u767e\u6b21\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5168\u90e8\u7b49\u4e8e 0.5\uff0c\u6807\u51c6\u5dee\u4e3a\u96f6\u3002\u4f46 A \u548c B \u5404\u81ea\u7684\u4f30\u8ba1\u7247\u6bb5\u6570\u4ecd\u6709\u6ce2\u52a8\uff0c\u6807\u51c6\u5dee\u90fd\u7ea6\u4e3a 6.56117\u3002\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u62bd\u6837\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u5171\u4eab\u5bb6\u65cf\u4e0e C \u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u7247\u6bb5\u6570\uff0c\u800c A\u3001B \u5728\u6bcf\u6b21\u7ed3\u679c\u4e2d\u4ecd\u7136\u4fdd\u6301\u76f8\u540c\u5206\u914d\u3002<\/p>\n<div class=\"guide-table\" style=\"max-width:100%;overflow-x:auto;margin:18px 0\">\n<table style=\"display:table;width:100%;max-width:100%;min-width:0;table-layout:fixed;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:.92em;line-height:1.6\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"col\" style=\"white-space:normal;overflow-wrap:anywhere;word-break:normal;background:#f8f4ff;color:#1e293b;vertical-align:top;text-align:left;padding:6px;border:1px solid #c4cfdb\">\u62bd\u6837\u6307\u6807<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\" style=\"white-space:normal;overflow-wrap:anywhere;word-break:normal;background:#f8f4ff;color:#1e293b;vertical-align:top;text-align:right;padding:6px;border:1px solid #c4cfdb\">\u6709\u533a\u5206\u4fe1\u606f<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\" style=\"white-space:normal;overflow-wrap:anywhere;word-break:normal;background:#f8f4ff;color:#1e293b;vertical-align:top;text-align:right;padding:6px;border:1px solid #c4cfdb\">\u4ec5\u5171\u4eab\u533a\u57df<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"white-space:normal;overflow-wrap:anywhere;word-break:normal;padding:6px;vertical-align:top;border:1px solid #c4cfdb\">A \u5728\u5bb6\u65cf\u4e2d\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u6bd4\u4f8b<\/td>\n<td style=\"white-space:normal;overflow-wrap:anywhere;word-break:normal;padding:6px;vertical-align:top;border:1px solid #c4cfdb;text-align:right\">0.89942<\/td>\n<td style=\"white-space:normal;overflow-wrap:anywhere;word-break:normal;padding:6px;vertical-align:top;border:1px solid #c4cfdb;text-align:right\">0.50000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"white-space:normal;overflow-wrap:anywhere;word-break:normal;padding:6px;vertical-align:top;border:1px solid #c4cfdb\">\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u5dee<\/td>\n<td style=\"white-space:normal;overflow-wrap:anywhere;word-break:normal;padding:6px;vertical-align:top;border:1px solid #c4cfdb;text-align:right\">0.02090<\/td>\n<td style=\"white-space:normal;overflow-wrap:anywhere;word-break:normal;padding:6px;vertical-align:top;border:1px solid #c4cfdb;text-align:right\">0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"white-space:normal;overflow-wrap:anywhere;word-break:normal;padding:6px;vertical-align:top;border:1px solid #c4cfdb\">A \u4f30\u8ba1\u7247\u6bb5\u6570\u6807\u51c6\u5dee<\/td>\n<td style=\"white-space:normal;overflow-wrap:anywhere;word-break:normal;padding:6px;vertical-align:top;border:1px solid #c4cfdb;text-align:right\">18.50093<\/td>\n<td style=\"white-space:normal;overflow-wrap:anywhere;word-break:normal;padding:6px;vertical-align:top;border:1px solid #c4cfdb;text-align:right\">6.56117<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"white-space:normal;overflow-wrap:anywhere;word-break:normal;padding:6px;vertical-align:top;border:1px solid #c4cfdb\">B \u4f30\u8ba1\u7247\u6bb5\u6570\u6807\u51c6\u5dee<\/td>\n<td style=\"white-space:normal;overflow-wrap:anywhere;word-break:normal;padding:6px;vertical-align:top;border:1px solid #c4cfdb;text-align:right\">12.41387<\/td>\n<td style=\"white-space:normal;overflow-wrap:anywhere;word-break:normal;padding:6px;vertical-align:top;border:1px solid #c4cfdb;text-align:right\">6.56117<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u628a\u6bd4\u4f8b\u6ca1\u6709\u6ce2\u52a8\u8bef\u8bfb\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u6570\u91cf\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u6ce2\u52a8\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u628a\u67d0\u4e2a\u62bd\u6837\u7edf\u8ba1\u91cf\u4e3a\u96f6\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u771f\u5b9e\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u53c2\u6570\u5df2\u88ab\u5b8c\u5168\u786e\u5b9a\u3002\u5e94\u5148\u95ee\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7edf\u8ba1\u91cf\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u7b97\u6cd5\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u80fd\u591f\u53cd\u6620\u54ea\u79cd\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"font-size:1.38em;line-height:1.5;margin:1.55em 0 .55em;color:#182d43\">\u516d\u3001\u62bd\u6837\u6ce2\u52a8\u4e0e\u53ef\u533a\u5206\u6027\uff0c\u662f\u4e24\u7c7b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u95ee\u9898<\/h2>\n<p>bootstrap \u5728\u5df2\u6709\u89c2\u6d4b\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u91cd\u65b0\u62bd\u6837\u3002\u82e5\u8f93\u5165\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u80fd\u591f\u533a\u5206 A \u4e0e B \u7684\u7247\u6bb5\uff0c\u91cd\u590d\u62bd\u6837\u4e0d\u4f1a\u51ed\u7a7a\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u3002\u6240\u6709\u62bd\u6837\u4ecd\u7136\u9762\u5bf9\u540c\u4e00\u7c7b\u4fe1\u606f\u7f3a\u53e3\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f\u672c\u6b21\u6bd4\u4f8b\u59cb\u7ec8\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53ef\u533a\u5206\u6027\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u6765\u6e90\u7ec4\u5408\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u540c\u6837\u7684\u89c2\u6d4b\u3002\u5728\u4ec5\u5171\u4eab\u533a\u57df\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ed9 A \u591a\u5206\u4e00\u4e9b\u3001\u7ed9 B 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\u4ece\u4e00\u767e\u589e\u52a0\u5230\u66f4\u591a\u6b21\u6570\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u7ec6\u81f4\u5730\u63cf\u8ff0\u5f53\u524d\u62bd\u6837\u673a\u5236\u4e0b\u7684\u6ce2\u52a8\uff0c\u5374\u4e0d\u80fd\u89e3\u51b3\u6ca1\u6709\u533a\u5206\u6027\u7247\u6bb5\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u771f\u6b63\u9700\u8981\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bfb\u6bb5\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3001\u53ef\u8986\u76d6\u7684\u533a\u57df\u3001\u53c2\u8003\u6ce8\u91ca\u6216\u540e\u7eed\u9a8c\u8bc1\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u53ea\u589e\u52a0\u8ba1\u7b97\u6b21\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"font-size:1.38em;line-height:1.5;margin:1.55em 0 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bootstrap \u4e0d\u80fd\u4ee3\u66ff\u4e00\u767e\u4e2a\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u91cd\u590d\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u636e\u6b64\u4f30\u8ba1\u6837\u672c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u91cd\u590d\u62bd\u6837\u8f93\u51fa\u4e0e\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u91cd\u590d\u5e94\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u547d\u540d\u548c\u7edf\u8ba1\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u660e\u786e\u533a\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"font-size:1.38em;line-height:1.5;margin:1.55em 0 .55em;color:#182d43\">\u516b\u3001\u600e\u6837\u590d\u6838\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u7edf\u8ba1\u811a\u672c\u5236\u9020\u65b0\u9519\u8bef<\/h2>\n<p>\u672c\u6b21\u4f7f\u7528\u7eaf\u6587\u672c\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u666e\u901a\u4e30\u5ea6\u8868\u4fdd\u5b58\u70b9\u4f30\u8ba1\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u767e\u5f20\u8868\u4fdd\u5b58\u91cd\u590d\u62bd\u6837\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u811a\u672c\u6392\u9664\u666e\u901a\u4e30\u5ea6\u8868\uff0c\u786e\u8ba4\u91cd\u590d\u62bd\u6837\u6587\u4ef6\u6570\u91cf\u6070\u597d\u662f\u4e00\u767e\uff0c\u518d\u6309 target_id \u8bfb\u53d6\u4f30\u8ba1\u7247\u6bb5\u6570\u3002\u82e5\u628a\u70b9\u4f30\u8ba1\u4e5f\u6df7\u8fdb\u53bb\uff0c\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u767e\u96f6\u4e00\u6b21\u5e76\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u89c2\u6d4b\u3002<\/p>\n<pre style=\"max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;overflow-x:auto;margin:18px 0;padding:14px 16px;background:#f3f6fa;color:#1a293c;border:1px solid #d8e1ea;border-radius:8px;line-height:1.55;white-space:pre;overflow-wrap:normal;word-break:normal\"><code class=\"language-python\">import csv\r\nfrom pathlib import Path\r\nfrom statistics import stdev\r\n\r\nratios = []\r\nfor path in sorted(Path(&quot;shared_only&quot;).glob(&quot;*.tsv&quot;)):\r\n    if path.name == &quot;abundance.tsv&quot;:\r\n        continue\r\n    with path.open() as handle:\r\n        rows = {r[&quot;target_id&quot;]: float(r[&quot;est_counts&quot;])\r\n                for r in csv.DictReader(handle, delimiter=&quot;\\t&quot;)}\r\n    if rows:\r\n        ratios.append(rows[&quot;isoA&quot;] \/ (rows[&quot;isoA&quot;] + rows[&quot;isoB&quot;]))\r\n\r\nassert len(ratios) == 100\r\nprint(min(ratios), max(ratios), stdev(ratios))\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8fd9\u6bb5\u9488\u5bf9\u672c\u6b21\u8f93\u51fa\u5e03\u5c40\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5982\u679c\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u6df7\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u8868\uff0c\u5e94\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u9650\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u548c\u68c0\u67e5\u8868\u5934\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u8ba9\u65e0\u5173\u6587\u4ef6\u81ea\u52a8\u8fdb\u5165\u7edf\u8ba1\u3002\u5206\u6bcd\u4e3a\u96f6\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u7ec4\u5408\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u5355\u72ec\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u6084\u6084\u586b\u6210\u96f6\u6bd4\u4f8b\u540e\u7ee7\u7eed\u8ba1\u7b97\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8bb0\u5f55\u4f30\u8ba1\u7247\u6bb5\u6570\u65f6\u4e0d\u8981\u53ea\u4fdd\u5b58\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u540e\u7684\u56fe\u7247\u3002\u539f\u59cb\u4e30\u5ea6\u8868\u3001\u8fd0\u884c\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u6765\u6e90\u3001\u7247\u6bb5\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u62bd\u6837\u53c2\u6570\u5171\u540c\u51b3\u5b9a\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u3002\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6750\u6599\u4fdd\u7559\u5b8c\u6574\uff0c\u540e\u7eed\u624d\u80fd\u56de\u7b54\u67d0\u4e2a\u7ed3\u8bba\u6765\u81ea\u771f\u5b9e\u6570\u636e\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u53c2\u8003\u548c\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 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